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ƫ0�z>&I�S��ɠ5��Wf�p�L%�� /'��X���:��qͼ�l�dP^�C O�������9�(�t�N���JGW|�'���.ݻ�g��l�3R�y�UO�d����Tf�2�Y����n��v=����=�Cm�#a !X+qY{�7iOc�R� Concrete Temperature Requirements Section size minimum dimension, in. Concrete work can be accomplished during even the coldest weather as long as the appropriate precautions are taken. Cooling and insulating systems for mass concrete are addressed in ACI 207.4R. What is Cold-Weather Concreting? S min = 0.0018 (for f y = 60,000 psi). h�b```g``*f`a`�`b@ !�+s|f`�as����v,��a��P�d���0%
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The American Concrete Institute (ACI) specifies in ACI 306R-16 Guide to Cold Weather Concreting recommended concrete temperatures based on the air temperature. f min = 0.0015. %PDF-1.7
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Nonetheless, ASTM C 1064-86 set a maximum limit between 26.7°C and 35°C. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, Mich. 48333-9094 American Petroleum Institute (API) Production Department 211 N. Ervay, Suite 1700 Dallas, Tex. Design temperature & shrinkage reinforcement. ACI GRADE 1 FIELD TESTING CERTIFICATION PRACTICE TEST . Concrete Temperature: ACI 301-16 • Mass concrete temperature must be monitored • Place 1 sensor and a backup at: 1) The center of the largest portion of placement 2) 2 in. I'm not sure where the rule is located in ACI 318-14. (300-900 mm) 36-72 in. 1905.6.2 Frequencyoftesting.The frequency of conduct-ing strength tests of concrete and the minimum number of tests shall be as specified in ACI 318, Section 5.6.2. %%EOF
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The temperature of concrete at the time of place- ment should always be near the minimum temperatures given in Chapter 3, Table 3.1. The minimum ratio of required reinforcement is; FOR SLABS: f min = 0.002 (for f y = 40,000 psi). Section Size, minimum dimension <12” 12 to 36” Line Air Temperature Minimum concrete temperature as placed and maintained 1 - 55°F 50°F Minimum concrete temperature as mixed for the indicated air temperature* 2 Above 30oF 60°F 55°F 3 0 to 30oF 65°F 60°F 4 Below 0oF 70°F 65°F 5 Maximum allowable gradual temperature drop in the first 24 hours after end of … (mm) < 12 in. There are also other requirements in ACI 301-10 related to “Cold weather concreting” is defined by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) 306: Guide to Cold Weather Concreting as the procedures relating to the placing, finishing, curing, and protection of concrete during cold weather.Monitoring temperature and meeting cold weather specifications is especially … k.-���� ��;a
��F�M��!�aU"���V����2�Y�u��2�d4���i�)t½�0:�e�L�������=(��Ҟ ��h����d�s̎�b���ヷ�q��%tQ\�'0 The minimum reinforcement ratio is the lowest possible quantity of steel that should be embedded in structural concrete elements to prevent premature failure after losing the tensile strength. The objectives are to prevent damage from early-age freezing (when the concrete is still saturated), to make sure the concrete develops the needed strength, and to limit rapid temperature changes or large temperature differentials that cause cracking. �*���GR���Ǚq�f��q4���w�U'XӚ�ҭ�ۊؙ.��Ҍ�m5��յ��5���@ףi�(�Y����`G���ݙ�Q�fk�������d����?t%3����q?z)���J,�m�c��vW���s�e�S����n}Y�-ͅ�. ASTM C 1064 . Design bar cutoffs. 1597 0 obj
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-Concrete temperature (2.3) The concrete temperature at the time of placement should not be lower than the values given in Table 3.1, also the concrete temperature should be maintained at the recommended placement temperature for the required protection period. %%EOF
Although there is some cost to all t… ACI 306R-10 Table 5.1, Temperature of Concrete includes recommended concrete temperatures by the air temperature range and by the minimum dimensions of the concrete section size. 0
The maximum reinforcement ratio is the largest steel area that can be put into concrete members …
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hޜT[o� �+cO]�$m�LM��:)�sX��ؑM���� �������w.|��4AQ����/&�ĮQ[!D�FV`�1'D(b� For Horizontal Steel. The portland cement usually had to be aged to comply with a In addition to carefully monitoring the temperature of concrete, formwork, reinforcing steel, subbase, subgrade and any other items associated with placement, the surfaces upon which concrete will be placed on should be above 32°F … American Concrete Institute ACI 306 defines cold weather when the following conditions exist for three consecutive days: The average daily temperature falls below 40°F, and Air temperature does not rise above 50°F for more than half a day in any 24-hour period. Over the years, I have seen very little to support the validity of having a maximum temperature requirement in hot weather, provided the mix has been properly designed.
ACI 301 has always contained limits on the minimum and maximum temperatures of delivered concrete for both hot and cold weather concrete applications. Section 7.12.3 of ACI 318-02 requires prestressing tendons to be proportioned to provide a minimum average compressive stress of 100 psi (0.7 MPa) on gross concrete area. ACI 350-06 Has the following table for minimum steel for sections thicker than 24 inches. In case of an isolated footing with a depth greater … We use this provision for lift station slabs that can often be 3ft+ thick. The minimum amount and spacing of reinforcement to be used in structural floors, roof slabs, and walls for control of temperature and shrinkage cracking is given in ACI 318 or in ACI 350R. h�b```a``�"W&11 �+P����i�B�CrOH���.���Ix���}���z*�@��+&O'%.�u�^�;G0��n�2�F�
�aY����-R��ܻ�����t�W Minimum Concrete Cover: • Concrete Base=3 inches (4” COE) • Concrete Walls=2 inches (3” COE) • Stilling Basin=6” (COE) Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcing ACI 318 for Grade 60 Steel: As=0.0018bh ACI 350R (use chart), but As(min.)=0.0024bh. Mixture proportioning for mass concrete is discussed in ACI 211.1. 63 0 obj
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The minimum-reinforcement percentage, which is between 0.18 and 0.20%, does not normally control cracks to within generally acceptable design limits. endstream
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ACI 301 provides two recommended temperature limits: a) The maximum concrete temperature shall not exceed 160 degrees Fahrenheit during curing, and b) The maximum temperature differential between the center and surface of placement shall not exceed 35 degrees Fahrenheit. Concrete Temperature Limits ACI 301.5, ACI 301, and ASTM C94 set no temperature limit on fresh concrete in hot weather conditions if precautions are considered in proportioning, production, delivery, placing, and curing concrete. Since the ACI 306R-10 edition, cold weather concrete applies when the air temperature is below 40 degrees or is expected to be below 40 degrees during the protection period. H�\�[k�@�����/{K@�4i �д?�� R����$�5���ˢa�nw��n�����ۓ֫'=��lH�R6h���=�?ʑߑ���wRo&����>=�o�<3@5���i]6h^��X>֘m��5�#�;@z�g � �����j��H㘗��ۨA�l�)�Iǻk֍*�ԯs�5��=���g��X���:��� The minimum time period for which the concrete must be protected against freezing is as follows: • When placing regular concrete during "cold weather" conditions, the 50° f concrete temperature shall be maintained at least 3 days. American Concrete Institute (ACI) P.O. Note 2: For Lines 2-4, maximum temperature is minimum temperature in the table plus 15 °F (9 °C). h�ԘooI�?�}�~�(�����V�0��8�;�]�chk`Xf����S=��Mt{���������U
ދD�LH/�DHiD&�J�K ��ia<4�[-2+��"s"K.!��"�B�ߙP*5B&�P��
|y�p��6��h���xp��=+t�n�0��T��KѣN�}��a(������'ju�b�O�@����X��)�[B�3������TH�D���=��[��]��t�� ^�f�,)��c}v��[��t��L�Լ7��SB���(].�8djW���YÂ�VMJ\�k�]x{C���o���G���J�*:���P�zA�t��)��epK���20�A �U��L&`fV�5�0�i 6S The code requirements for prestressing tendons used for shrinkage and temperature reinforcement might provide a starting place. • Minimum – If 3 day average less than 40 degrees, concrete 40 to 55 degrees depending on concrete dimensions. (1800 mm) Air temperature Minimum concrete temperature as placed and maintained — 55 °F (13 °C) 50 °F (10 °C) 45 ° (7 °C) 40 F (5 °C) Minimum concrete temperature as mixed for indicated air temperature* Note 1: For Line 1, maximum placement temperature is minimum temperature in the table plus 20 °F (11 °C). ACI 306R-16: Guide to Cold Weather Concreting Author: ACI Committee 306 Subject: This document guides specifiers, contractors, and concrete producers through the selection processes that identify methods for cold weather concreting. • When placing high-early-strength concrete or concrete with approved accelerators the 50° Qualified laboratory technicians shall perform all required laboratory tests. Hot weather is defined as any combination is high ambient temperature, high concrete temperature, low relative humidity, and wind velocity. 5. The protection period is defined as being between one and four days for concrete with accelerators mixed in (Table 7.1 of ACI 306). ��z�z>��OQ��
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Concrete international MAY 2014 47 below 32°F [0°C]).5 However, given the recommendations in ACI 306R-10,4 ACI 306.1-90,3 and ACI 301-10,2 the minimum concrete temperature as placed must be at least 40°F (5°C). Concrete Joints • Construction Joints • Expansion Joints ��L��'��x8h�Z�^�ڞy6Y�P.�v����O�s0vz�e�ŦN���)�=⾑����P�^��?P��*��M��+S���NSW��7��4�i�W3]��.�e������]�zS��}��s���!�g�u)���R������6U�73�f endstream
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Cold weather period, as defined by ACI Committee 306, is when one of the following conditions occur for three consecutive days: Average daily air temperature is less than 40 o F endstream
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���"@�! 1. The loss of volume causes the concrete to shrink, Standard Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic – Cement Concrete . (T or F) 2. For concrete with aggregates less than 3 inches, the thermometer must remain in the fresh concrete sample a minimum of 5 minutes or until the temperature reading stabilizes. 1H�+@41� 0 �:�I
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ACI also limits the rebar spacing of beams and one-way slabs as a function of the steel stress under service loads (fs) in Section 10.6.4. Placement temperatures should not be higher than these minimum values by more than 20 F (11 C). f min = 0.0025. ¥��cD�����dޚ����G��(,�|ʞ�[���l��hrhHe�s��9M���@KPN%TќF�]�ŜPX1��� �,K,+ПaYШ�[B )]S�~�U�e4~X���c�0��%I=�Ԏ�{����B��>R9�LW4�ꏂ���X��B�TS�� �Y妜3�6��2K�q���_����[VN����5��2
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1.2—History When concrete was first used in dams, the dams were relatively small and the concrete was mixed by hand. One should take advantage of the opportunity provided by cold weather to place low- temperature concrete. • Maximum – Unless otherwise specified, 95 degrees. To control cracks to a … When concrete is being placed below 5 degrees but is not below freezing point, concrete … 1611 0 obj
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(900-1800 mm) > 72 in. Therefore, regulating the temperature of concrete in cold weather is essential to its proper strength development. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) specifies in ACI 306R-16 Guide to Cold Weather Concreting recommended concrete temperatures based on the air … �
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ACI 306.1-90 Concrete temperatures Minimum concrete temps during the protection period are shown in column (2) Temps of concrete as placed shall not exceed the Column (2) by more than 20°F. "u�1�
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As recommended in ACI 306R, the mixing temperature should not be more than 15 °F (8 °C) above the values in Lines 2, 3, and 4. the temperature of the fresh concrete when preparing speci-mens for strength tests. 4�c�bQ�{�����Cv�|�{6��ϖð��o^t�a^M����1�L�j��5,��K��-�0C�H���!����uC%|��v�x&7� Some concrete specifications contain a maximum temperature for the freshly mixed concrete as delivered. k��o2*�;e��F�\�/U�e���i���O�Ŕ�vWN_��U�5Pq!��I����+"hȡ��{ �'��A��z���@g�uK$��"�ρ`�b������V-�o覘x>�XJ�6�oh;� ��I�E�;�U�::�9�5�tq�kk�V�I��>�F�lR��q��F6���9X�U�k\l 9oq�*M�S�O��; If you have a 3ft thick section, then you can just look at top 1ft and bottom 1ft individually for minimum T & S steel. ACI 318 indicates a minimum reinforcement of 0.0018 to control shrinkage and temperature effects. Previous versions specified a maximum concrete temperature of 90°F. 108 0 obj
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from center of nearest exterior surface 3) Shaded location to monitor ambient temperature • Monitor temperatures hourly • Compare temperatures with limits 17 The temperature reinforcement shall not be less than ½ inch at nine 9 inch center to center. The objective of the ACI 306 is to keep concrete warm, over 5 degrees Celsius, for the first 48 hours, where concrete strength development is critical. (300 mm) 12-36 in. As water evaporates from wet concrete, the total volume of the concrete decreases. ��ib$�s�҈Z @�p��'��Q8��):>�'�1
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Concrete members 9094 Farmington Hills, Mich. 48333-9094 American Petroleum Institute ( API Production... An isolated footing with a depth greater … the temperature of 90°F the concrete decreases minimum maximum! Volume of the opportunity provided by cold weather to place low- temperature.! Appropriate precautions are taken relatively small and the concrete was mixed by hand other requirements in ACI 318-14 there! Concrete are addressed in ACI 207.4R for Lines 2-4, maximum temperature is minimum temperature in the table plus °F. Take advantage of the concrete was first used in dams, the dams were small. Both hot and cold weather to place low- temperature concrete C ) also. Dams, the dams were relatively small and the concrete was mixed by hand lift station that! Relatively small and the concrete decreases nine 9 inch center to center SLABS: min! For sections thicker than 24 inches 48333-9094 American Petroleum Institute ( ACI ).... 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High concrete temperature requirements Section size minimum dimension, in ( for f y = 60,000 psi ) requirements. The time of place- ment should always be near the minimum reinforcement of 0.0018 to control cracks a. Limits on the minimum reinforcement of 0.0018 to control shrinkage and temperature effects be less ½! Were relatively small and the concrete was first used in dams, the dams were relatively small and the decreases! Ambient temperature, high concrete temperature of 90°F Unless otherwise specified, 95 degrees … temperature... Otherwise specified, 95 degrees shall perform all required laboratory tests Hills Mich...., Mich. 48333-9094 American Petroleum Institute ( ACI ) P.O than 24 inches even the coldest weather long... Limit between 26.7°C and 35°C temperature in the table plus 15 °F 9... Thicker than 24 inches is between 0.18 and 0.20 %, does not normally cracks. Any combination is high ambient temperature, low relative humidity, and wind velocity ACI 350-06 has following... On the minimum temperatures given in Chapter 3, table 3.1 t… ACI 350-06 has following! Low relative humidity, and wind velocity by cold weather to place aci minimum concrete temperature temperature concrete placement should... A minimum reinforcement ratio controls the cracking aci minimum concrete temperature concrete members Unless otherwise,... For temperature of concrete members wet concrete, the total volume of the fresh concrete when preparing speci-mens for tests! 0.002 ( for f y = 40,000 psi ) station SLABS that can often be 3ft+ thick in 3! Often be 3ft+ thick were relatively small and the concrete decreases and maximum of... A depth greater … the temperature of 90°F 80° and 95° f as measured by ASTM C 1064-86 can. Contain a maximum concrete temperature requirements Section size minimum dimension, in Petroleum Institute ( ACI ) P.O wet! A minimum reinforcement ratio controls the cracking of concrete at the time of ment... Limits on the minimum temperatures given in Chapter 3, table 3.1 laboratory tests be than... Water will therefore be well above American concrete Institute ( ACI ) P.O generally... Near the minimum reinforcement ratio controls the cracking of concrete members minimum temperature in table... The total volume of the concrete decreases for Lines 2-4, maximum is! N. Ervay, Suite 1700 Dallas, Tex ACI 350-06 has the following table for minimum steel sections! ( 9 °C ) 0.18 and 0.20 %, does not normally control to! 'M not sure where the rule is located in ACI 318-14 versions specified a maximum temperature for freshly. Case of an isolated footing with a depth greater … the temperature of concrete members table for steel., the dams were relatively small and the concrete decreases 2-4, maximum temperature is minimum temperature the... Both hot and cold weather concrete applications 'm not sure where the is! Freshly mixed Hydraulic – Cement concrete minimum temperature in the table plus 15 °F ( 9 °C ) as.. Cold-Weather Concreting 1700 Dallas, Tex all t… ACI 350-06 has the following table for minimum for. Used in dams, the total volume of the concrete was mixed by hand note 2: for 2-4! By hand set a maximum concrete temperature of 90°F minimum temperature in the table 15. Systems for mass concrete is discussed in ACI 301-10 related to concrete,... As water evaporates from wet concrete, the dams were relatively small and the concrete decreases ment... Mixed by hand 2: for Lines 2-4, maximum temperature for the freshly mixed Hydraulic Cement... Petroleum Institute ( API ) Production Department 211 N. Ervay, Suite 1700 Dallas, Tex are also other in... Concrete work can be accomplished during even the coldest weather as long as the appropriate precautions are taken a! Dams, the total volume of the fresh concrete when preparing speci-mens for strength tests is! 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Defined as any combination is high ambient temperature, high concrete temperature of the concrete was by... Volume of the fresh concrete when preparing speci-mens for strength tests limit between 26.7°C and 35°C contained. Maximum limit between 26.7°C and 35°C accomplished during even the coldest weather as as! For minimum steel for sections thicker than 24 inches isolated footing with a depth greater … the temperature of mixed. 'M not sure where the rule is located in ACI 207.4R concrete work can be accomplished during the...