[94] Jane Sullivan in the Sydney Morning Herald agrees, stating that the book "still rouses fresh and horrified indignation" as it examines morality, a topic that has recently become unfashionable. The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was ten. Other children taunt Jem and Scout for Atticus's actions, calling him a "nigger-lover". "Q&A; Film Honors Peck, 'Perfectly Happy' in a Busy Retirement". [44], As children coming of age, Scout and Jem face hard realities and learn from them. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham, the actress who played Scout. [33] Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville Hicks expressed doubt that children, as sheltered as Scout and Jem, could understand the complexities and horrors involved in the trial for Tom Robinson's life. … To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee, Inspirational Book Page Print, Book Quote Wall Art Print, Art Home Decor Art Living Room Decor Poster StainStudioUK. Lee declared that "there is no greater honor the novel could receive". McWhorter writes of Lee, "for a white person from the South to write a book like this in the late 1950s is really unusual—by its very existence an act of protest. Quizlet … 45 terms. Martelle, Scott (June 28, 2006). After a series of letters appeared claiming Lett had been falsely accused, his sentence was commuted to life in prison. [22], The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models. 6 on the BBC’s The Big Read after a year-long survey of the British public. Barra writes, "It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature. "Harper Lee raises her low profile for a friend; The author of. "[49], Despite the novel's immense popularity upon publication, it has not received the close critical attention paid to other modern American classics. ch 19 20 study guide. "Telling It In Black and White: The Importance of the Africanist Presence in To Kill a Mockingbird". Mallon, Thomas (May 29, 2006). Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown. My husband used to get thousands and thousands of letters from teachers who would send them to him. By Simon Hupfer, USAG Bamberg MWR Marketing June 3, 2008. [163] Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her. In this page, I'am going to share the story of the " To kill a Mocking Bird " through related image. However, in 2005, Lee stated that she had in mind something less sensational, although the Scottsboro case served "the same purpose" to display Southern prejudices. [91][note 1] It is considered by some to be the "Great American Novel". To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee is no doubt a classic, both in literature and cinematography. [61] Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb, and Atticus, who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog,[62] must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens. With a shift of attitudes about race in the 1970s, To Kill a Mockingbird faced challenges of a different sort: the treatment of racism in Maycomb was not condemned harshly enough. Atticus establishes that Mayella and Bob Ewell are lying. [137], During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. Simply copy it to the … "[56] Scholars have noted that Lee often returns to the mockingbird theme when trying to make a moral point. [77] Confused, Scout approaches her neighbor Miss Maudie, who explains that mockingbirds never harm other living creatures. This prompts their black housekeeper Calpurnia to escort Scout and Jem to her church, which allows the children a glimpse into her personal life, as well as Tom Robinson's. "The Case Against To Kill a Mockingbird". [93] Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's "rich use of language" but writes that the central lesson is that "courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style". Although more of a proponent of racial segregation than Atticus, he gradually became more liberal in his later years. How to cite “To Kill a Mockingbird” (movie) APA citation. [58] Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone is leaving them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. She portrays the problems of individual characters as universal underlying issues in every society. Subscribe Now This somehow leads to a discussion of Tom and how the African Americans in Maycomb reacted to the trial. "[1] As a Southern Gothic and Bildungsroman novel, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. The historian Joseph Crespino explains, "In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its main character, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism. [5] In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville. [169], According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". [38] Scout's first day in school is a satirical treatment of education; her teacher says she must undo the damage Atticus has wrought in teaching her to read and write, and forbids Atticus from teaching her further. The play also opened the 2013 season at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in London where it played to full houses and starred Robert Sean Leonard as Atticus Finch, his first London appearance in 22 years. "Truman Capote Is Dead at 59; Novelist of Style and Clarity". [70], Charles J. Shields, who wrote the first book-length biography of Harper Lee, offers the reason for the novel's enduring popularity and impact is that "its lessons of human dignity and respect for others remain fundamental and universal". [29] The Chicago Sunday Tribune noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events, writing: "This is in no way a sociological novel. Win: Best Film Promoting International Understanding for ‘To Kill a Mockingbird.’ 1963 Cannes Film Festival: ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ was selected for the 1963 Cannes Film Festival in feature film category, winning the Gary Cooper Award. [123][124] One writer asserts that the use of Scout's narration serves as a convenient mechanism for readers to be innocent and detached from the racial conflict. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. "Go Right Ahead and Ask Me Anything (And So She Did): An Interview with Truman Capote". [130] Its publication is so closely associated with the Civil Rights Movement that many studies of the book and biographies of Harper Lee include descriptions of important moments in the movement, despite the fact that she had no direct involvement in any of them. … It underlines no cause ... To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel of strong contemporary national significance. Write. He was hidden until virtually forgotten; he died in 1952. Baecker, Diane (Spring 1998). [151], An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go Set a Watchman, was controversially released on July 14, 2015. 8. From shop filmtvscripts. This page is about the "To kill a Mockingbird " book. Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964. "The Private World of Truman Capote". [45] Outsiders are also an important element of Southern Gothic texts and Scout and Jem's questions about the hierarchy in the town cause scholars to compare the novel to Catcher in the Rye and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Post-Test Vocab Words. It is revealed that Mayella made sexual advances toward Tom, subsequently resulting in her being beaten by her father. [16] Lee's older brother Edwin was the inspiration for Jem. As one scholar writes, "To Kill a Mockingbird can be read as a feminist Bildungsroman, for Scout emerges from her childhood experiences with a clear sense of her place in her community and an awareness of her potential power as the woman she will one day be. To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by the American author Harper Lee. Atticus Finch, the narrator's father, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. [100], Many writers compare their perceptions of To Kill a Mockingbird as adults with when they first read it as children. Wer die Nachtigall stört (Originaltitel To Kill a Mockingbird) ist ein im Jahr 1960 erschienener Roman der US-Amerikanerin Harper Lee.Das Werk handelt von Kindheit, Heranwachsen und … [106] Critics of Atticus maintain he is morally ambiguous and does not use his legal skills to challenge the racist status quo in Maycomb. 18. "[156] This assertion has been discredited, however,[157] by rare-books expert James S. Jaffe, who reviewed the pages at the request of Lee's attorney and found them to be only another draft of To Kill a Mockingbird. [170] To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum. [34] In the years following its release, many reviewers considered To Kill a Mockingbird a novel primarily concerned with race relations. Despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality, the novel is renowned for its warmth and humor. The female characters who comment the most on Scout's lack of willingness to adhere to a more feminine role are also those who promote the most racist and classist points of view. During the following two and a half years, she led Lee from one draft to the next until the book finally achieved its finished form.[7]. [27], The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee's talent for narration, which in an early review in Time was called "tactile brilliance". [48] This leads him to struggle with understanding the separations of race and class. The son of the family got into some legal trouble and the father kept him at home for 24 years out of shame. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Bruell, Edwin (December 1964). [129], The novel is cited as a factor in the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, however, in that it "arrived at the right moment to help the South and the nation grapple with the racial tensions (of) the accelerating civil rights movement". Because of this layered narration, the six-year old Scout often sounds … Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the Deep South. [47] However, scholars debate about the Southern Gothic classification, noting that Boo Radley is, in fact, human, protective, and benevolent. [31] This narrative method allows Lee to tell a "delightfully deceptive" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. [30][78][79], Tom Robinson is the chief example, among several in the novel, of innocents being carelessly or deliberately destroyed. [138] It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. I said, 'That's the story. One of the amazing things about the writing in. Spell. Mary McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities including Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Harper's sister Alice Lee, who read the novel and compiled their impressions of it as children and adults into a book titled Scout, Atticus, and Boo. Terms in this set (38) Braxton underwood. B. Lippincott, who bought the manuscript, advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing. "Long Lives the Mockingbird". [98] Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker criticizes Atticus' stiff and self-righteous demeanor, and calls Scout "a kind of highly constructed doll" whose speech and actions are improbable. To Kill a Mockingbird — and not some online chat room — is exactly where a young adolescent ought to learn about racism, sentiments underlying it, and the consequences it brings. After Dill promises to marry her, then spends too much time with Jem, Scout reasons the best way to get him to pay attention to her is to beat him up, which she does several times. To Kill a Mockingbird, if taught well, for the right audience, can surface some necessary and critical learning opportunities. [126] With racism told from a white perspective with a focus on white courage and morality, some have labeled the novel as having a "white savior complex",[127] a criticism also leveled at the film adaptation with its white savior narrative. OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR. This year we will have fewer play dates and we are limiting the … Tabor, May (August 23, 1998). Johnson cites examples of letters to local newspapers, which ranged from amusement to fury; those letters expressing the most outrage, however, complained about Mayella Ewell's attraction to Tom Robinson over the depictions of rape. [21], Down the street from the Lees lived a family whose house was always boarded up; they served as the models for the fictional Radleys. [34][35], Writing about Lee's style and use of humor in a tragic story, scholar Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin states: "Laughter ... [exposes] the gangrene under the beautiful surface but also by demeaning it; one can hardly ... be controlled by what one is able to laugh at. Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (July 10, 2010). Formatted according to the APA Publication Manual 7 th edition. Hohoff was impressed, "[T]he spark of the true writer flashed in every line," she would later recount in a corporate history of Lippincott,[7] but as Hohoff saw it, the manuscript was by no means fit for publication. [29] Writing a decade later, another scholar noted, "Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. To Kill A Mockingbird Chapters 5-8 Study Review. Tickets for our Spring 2021 Play Season go on sale on January 7, 2021! Flashcards. Nicknamed Scout, she lives with her older brother Jeremy, nicknamed Jem, and their widowed father Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. For the 1962 film adaptation, see. [150] In 2020, the novel was number five on the list of "Top Check Outs OF ALL TIME" by the New York Public Library. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". Graeme Dunphy, "Meena's Mockingbird: From Harper Lee to Meera Syal", Ward, L. "To Kill a Mockingbird (book review).". To Kill a Mockingbird Review. Apart from Atticus, the fathers described are abusers. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, unknown edition, One of the best … "To Kill a Mockingbird". [10], Instead of a "quick and merciful death", Reader's Digest Condensed Books chose the book for reprinting in part, which gave it a wide readership immediately. These audio files were created from a revision of this article dated 8 July 2008, Mallon received hate mail for his commentary, and declined to answer challenges about his observations from professional writers, saying he did not want to be the "skunk at the garden party". Atticus believes that Jem was responsible, but Tate is certain it was Boo. His Son Weighs In", "Harper Lee to release second novel 50 years after To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee's 'lost' novel was intended to complete a trilogy, says agent", "Expert Says Manuscript Is Not Harper Lee's Third Novel", "See how Harper Lee's 'Go Set a Watchman' became 'To Kill a Mockingbird, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, "To Kill A Mockingbird, West Yorkshire, Leeds Playhouse", "To Kill a Mockingbird, Theatre Royal, York", David Lister: Those reclusive authors really know how to live, The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter, Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=To_Kill_a_Mockingbird&oldid=1002074527, Fiction with false allegations of sex crimes, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 January 2021, at 18:44. The townspeople refer to the Ewells as "white trash" who are not to be trusted, but the jury convicts Tom regardless. [165] Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. Finally, he attacks Jem and Scout while they are walking home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant. [172] Despite her discouragement, a rising number of tourists made Monroeville their destination, hoping to see Lee's inspiration for the book, or Lee herself. Scout's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her, gossip, and "reflect a smug, colonialist attitude toward other races" while giving the "appearance of gentility, piety, and morality". [41] Scout falls asleep during the Halloween pageant and makes a tardy entrance onstage, causing the audience to laugh uproariously. "Atticus Finch and the Mad Dog". Scholar Patrick Chura, who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson, enumerates the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced. "How the Finch Stole Christmas; Q & A With Gregory Peck". Atticus Finch, a lawyer in the Depression-era South, defends a black man against an … [128] Another criticism, articulated by Michael Lind, is that the novel indulges in classist stereotyping and demonization of poor rural "white trash". Atticus is hopeful that he can get the verdict overturned, but Tom is shot and killed while trying to escape from prison. [73] Bob Ewell, it is hinted, molested his daughter,[74] and Mr. Radley imprisons his son in his house to the extent that Boo is remembered only as a phantom. Fleming, Anne Taylor (July 9, 1976). a) Louisa Mae Finch b) Louisa Jay Finch c) Jean Louise Finch d) Lea Jane Finch 2) What is the first thing Scout finds in the knot-hole of the tree? [40] When Atticus is out of town, Jem locks a Sunday school classmate in the church basement with the furnace during a game of Shadrach. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and few of them have seen him for many years. chapter 19,20 vocab. Instances where many passages overlap between the two books, in some case word for word, also refute this assertion. While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. See also. The resources shared in the chat are a great … [144] David Kipen of the National Endowment of the Arts, who supervised The Big Read, states "people just seem to connect with it. Lee said that To Kill a Mockingbird is not an autobiography, but rather an example of how an author "should write about what he knows and write truthfully". After they were convicted, hanged and mutilated,[14] he never tried another criminal case. (Noble, p. Our library doesn't have the book (which I think is pretty dismal). One of the best-loved stories of all time, To Kill a Mockingbird has been translated into more than 40 languages, sold more than 30 million copies worldwide, served as the basis … 14 science. Created by. [36], Critics also note the entertaining methods used to drive the plot. "[62], In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was "to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama. Having walked Boo home after he saves their lives, Scout stands on the Radley porch and considers the events of the previous three years from Boo's perspective. "Harper Lee's Tragic Vision". That film was a work of art". "[68], Just as Lee explores Jem's development in coming to grips with a racist and unjust society, Scout realizes what being female means, and several female characters influence her development. [74] In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the "contented slave" motif and to others simply unexplored, the book is viewed as marginalizing black characters. When Mayella reacts with confusion to Atticus' question if she has any friends, Scout offers that she must be lonelier than Boo Radley. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims,[87] and Granville Hicks labeled the book "melodramatic and contrived". Lee modeled the character of Dill on Truman Capote, her childhood friend known then as Truman Persons. The theme of racial injustice appears symbolically in the novel as well. Quizlet Live. [75] The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once." Bob Ewell and Mr. Radley represent a form of masculinity that Atticus does not, and the novel suggests that such men, as well as the traditionally feminine hypocrites at the Missionary Society, can lead society astray. Lee even uses dreamlike imagery from the mad dog incident to describe some of the courtroom scenes. Jem suffers a broken arm in the struggle, but amid the confusion, someone comes to the children's rescue. Local residents call them "Mockingbird groupies", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic "Hell, no! Atticus is the moral center of the novel, however, and he teaches Jem one of the most significant lessons of courage. [171] David Lister in The Independent states that Lee's refusal to speak to reporters made them desire to interview her all the more, and her silence "makes Bob Dylan look like a media tart". LeMay, Harding (July 10, 1960). [101], One of the most significant impacts To Kill a Mockingbird has had is Atticus Finch's model of integrity for the legal profession. ", President Bush Honors Medal of Freedom Recipients, "100 'most inspiring' novels revealed by BBC Arts", “These Are The NYPL's Top Check Outs OF ALL TIME”, "The Harper Lee 'Go Set a Watchman' Fraud", "What Would Gregory Peck Think of 'Go Set a Watchman'? The book was published on July 11, 1960. [7][152] This earlier version of the story follows an adult Scout Finch who travels from New York City to visit her father, Atticus Finch, in Maycomb, Alabama, where she is confronted by the intolerance in her community. Hoping to be published, Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote. "Harper Lee Twits School Board In Virginia for Ban on Her Novel". [90] A 1991 survey by the Book of the Month Club and the Library of Congress Center for the Book found that To Kill a Mockingbird was fourth in a list of books that are "most often cited as making a difference". "Children Play; Adults Betray". Nichols, Peter (February 27, 1998). [32] However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. 'To Kill a Mockingbird' Connects German, American Students. "Time Can't Kill 'Mockingbird' [Review]", Bobbin, Jay (December 21, 1997). Tom Robinson's trial was juried by poor white farmers who convicted him despite overwhelming evidence of his innocence, as more educated and moderate white townspeople supported the jury's decision. '"[159] The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. "'Fine Fancy Gentlemen' and 'Yappy Folk': Contending Voices in To Kill a Mockingbird", Jones, Carolyn (Summer 1996). He died there of tuberculosis in 1937. and that general readers seem to feel they do not require analytical interpretation.[51]. I'm wondering if there is anybody here who has a German copy of the book. Deutsch; Guides Resources Famous movies. To Kill A Mockingbird Signed Film Movie Screenplay Script Autographs X15 Gregory Peck Harper Lee Frank Overton Robert Duvall John Megna filmtvscripts. Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality. cecesaldana33. [46] Despite challenging the town's systems, Scout reveres Atticus as an authority above all others, because he believes that following one's conscience is the highest priority, even when the result is social ostracism. Hanson and 'To Kill a Mockingbird' It seems to be Mike Fink's turn to criticize the columns of Victor Davis Hanson ("Hanson got it wrong on 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' " Letters, Dec. … But I found a remark on the German Wikipedia site from which I can infer the translation: Apparently, Atticus' advice to his children that one shouldn't "hunt a nightingale". The New Yorker declared Lee "a skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenuous writer",[85] and The Atlantic Monthly's reviewer rated the book "pleasant, undemanding reading", but found the narrative voice—"a six-year-old girl with the prose style of a well-educated adult"—to be implausible. To Kill a Mockingbird is a searing portrayal of racial prejudice, justice, and innocence lost in a complex mixture of childish naiveté and mature observation. [66] For example, Mrs. Dubose chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole, and indicates she is ruining the family name by not doing so, in addition to insulting Atticus' intentions to defend Tom Robinson. And that's really distressing. The narrative is very tough, because [Lee] has to both be a kid on the street and aware of the mad dogs and the spooky houses and have this beautiful vision of how justice works and all the creaking mechanisms of the courthouse. Both Lee and Capote loved to read, and were atypical children in some ways: Lee was a scrappy tomboy who was quick to fight, and Capote was ridiculed for his advanced vocabulary and lisp. [35] When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, "I think for a child's book it does all right. [96] Literary critic Rosemary Goring in Scotland's The Herald notes the connections between Lee and Jane Austen, stating the book's central theme, that "one's moral convictions are worth fighting for, even at the risk of being reviled" is eloquently discussed. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of the reviewers but, at the same time, I sort of hoped someone would like it enough to give me encouragement. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be. [115] Such decisions have been criticised: the American Civil Liberties Union noted the importance of engaging with the novel's themes in places where racial injustice persists. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Not so much that I did not know what the English words meant, but why would the translator go for this version of the title. [66] Literary critic Jean Blackall lists the priorities shared by the two authors: "affirmation of order in society, obedience, courtesy, and respect for the individual without regard for status". Furthermore, in addressing themes such as alcoholism, incest, rape, and racial violence, Lee wrote about her small town realistically rather than melodramatically. Krebs, Albin. Scout is tempted to stand up for her father's honor by fighting, even though he has told her not to. Atticus warns them that, although they can "shoot all the bluejays they want", they must remember that "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird". The children internalize Atticus' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person's skin, gaining a greater understanding of people's motives and behavior. She is so distracted and embarrassed that she prefers to go home in her ham costume, which saves her life. 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